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The last
Wednesday of each month, except in the summer (July and August), we
hold a meeting at St. John's Hall. A wide
variety of topics are covered. Here is one such example.
Agricultural
Labourers in the 19th Century
On
22nd March 2000 Dr. Simon Pawley gave a talk entitled 'Agricultural
Labourers in the 19th Century, their life and work.
If
you thought you knew everything about agricultural labourers then think
again. This talk was informative and eye opening. Simon covered settlement
examinations, the difference between Farm Servants and Farm Labourers,
open and closed parishes, hiring fairs, the movement of single persons
over wide distances and why, by marrying, their employment status changed.
Those
employees on a farm called 'Farm Servant' or the like were hired at
the hiring fairs, they dressed according to their skills and those taken
on as 'servants' lived on the farm. A servant living in was hired for
one year and was single. This accounted for movements of single people
over distance as they would tout for work at the hiring fair which could
be up to 10 miles further away. The hiring farmer could life a further
10 miles away and so in one job change a person could move 20 miles
from home. Once a person married they were no longer a 'servant' living
in, they had to find accommodation outside of the farm and their contract
was terminated.
The
effects of enclosure were also covered. Cambridgeshire being a rural
community felt the effects of enclosure more than most. Where people
lived off their own small workings they were independent, working the
common land for their existence. Enclosure threw these people into turmoil,
robbing them of their living and forcing them to become agricultural
labourers.
The
Poor Laws further tied these people holding them to a parish. Simon
described how difficult it was to gain residency of a parish and how
'closed' parishes, those not admitting outsiders, relied on 'open' parishes
next door to supply their labourer who came into the parish in the morning
and left it in the evening.
The
burdens of the parish and the effect of the Union Workhouses were described
and the fact that many of the laws governing the poor were still in
effect until 1947.
All
in all a very interesting and enlightening evening.
Dr.
Simon Pauley addresses the meeting
See
also Straw Plaiting
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